Order of operations with fractions

Fractions change the arithmetic, not the priority of the operations.

Your learning goal

Evaluate fraction expressions with brackets, powers and all four operations, checking each step.

Understand the idea

Read the structure before calculating

Evaluate brackets first, then exponents, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right. Multiplication does not automatically come before division; the two share priority. The same is true of addition and subtraction.

Words worth knowing
Expression
A mathematical phrase with numbers and operations.
Exponent
A number telling how many equal factors to multiply.
Operation priority
The order in which parts of an expression are evaluated.
Fraction bar
A division symbol that also groups the entire numerator and denominator.
Make it visible

Move the brackets. Change the calculation.

Predict a result, change a value, and use the diagram to explain your reasoning.

Fraction A
Fraction B

Predict before changing a value. Every whole in a bar diagram uses the same size. The models use non-negative amounts up to two wholes per input.

Use fraction skills only where they apply

You need common denominators for addition and subtraction. You multiply numerators and denominators for multiplication. You use a reciprocal for division by a non-zero number. Identify the next operation before choosing a procedure.

A power belongs to its base

(2/3)² means (2/3) × (2/3) = 4/9. The brackets make the whole fraction the base. It does not mean doubling the numerator or denominator. Convert a mixed number inside a power to an improper fraction before evaluating.

Write one meaningful change per line

Keep every unchanged part of the expression as you work. When a fraction bar spans a numerator such as 1/2 + 1/4, finish that entire numerator before dividing by the denominator. An estimate and a second method can help check a complicated result.

Follow the reasoning

One decision at a time.

Work out the next step before opening the explanation.

Evaluate 1/3 + (2/5 × 1/4)
  1. Inside the brackets, multiply: 2/5 × 1/4 = 2/20 = 1/10.
  2. Now add 1/3 + 1/10. Use thirtieths: 10/30 + 3/30.
  3. The result is 13/30. It is greater than 1/3 but less than 1/2.
Evaluate (3/4)² ÷ 3/8 − 1/2
  1. First the power: (3/4)² = 9/16.
  2. Then divide: 9/16 × 8/3 = 3/2.
  3. Finally subtract: 3/2 − 1/2 = 1.
Try with support

Make your thinking visible.

Use paper or a whiteboard. Show the equal parts, calculation and explanation before comparing your response.

Evaluate 1/2 + 3/4 × 2/3.

Give me a hint

Multiply before adding.

Compare a worked response

1

3/4 × 2/3 = 1/2; then 1/2 + 1/2 = 1.

Evaluate 3/4 ÷ 1/2 × 1/3.

Give me a hint

Division and multiplication have the same priority. Work from left to right.

Compare a worked response

1/2

3/4 ÷ 1/2 = 3/2, then 3/2 × 1/3 = 1/2.

Independent practice

Build a strategy you can explain.

Fresh questions · useful feedback

Build fluency, one decision at a time.

Work through eight questions. Two independent correct answers introduce a harder version; supported answers bring the next question back to the foundation. You can use hints at any time.

0 of 8 questions completed

Use an exact fraction (7/12), mixed number (1 3/4), or terminating decimal. For comparisons use <, = or >. Follow any requested form; leave units out of the answer box.

This round saves on this device. It is practice, not a school mark.

Check the concepts, too.

1. What is (2/5)²?

2. Which operation comes first in 1/2 + 2/3 × 3/4?

3. How should 1/2 ÷ 1/4 × 1/3 be evaluated?

Make it matter

What does the answer mean?

A recipe calculation may combine scaling and subtraction. Write brackets to make clear whether you scale the full amount or only the amount remaining.

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